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In American football, the A formation was a variation of the single-wing formation used with great success by the New York Giants of the 1930s and early 1940s. This formation was masterminded by Giants coach Steve Owen and relied heavily upon Hall of Fame center Mel Hein for its success. The A formation differed from the traditional single-wing in that the quarterback played further back from the line and closer to the center. It also place the backfield opposite the "strong" side of the unbalanced line, providing more flexibility in the running game (though less power). The wingback is on the opposite side compared to the single-wing and the quarterback is the primary passer, rather than the tailback. The name of the formation was arbitrary, not from its slight resemblance to the letter "A", unlike formations named "I", "T", "V", and "Y" for the shapes formed by the backs' positioning; Owen labeled the standard single wing his team's "B" formation. One major advantage of the A is the center could snap the ball to any of three players; typically to the fullback or blocking back for runs and the quarterback for passes. The fourth back, the wingback, became a crucial part of the system when Owen introduced a half-spin sweep series in 1938 which featured a wide sweep play to the motioning wingback, a dive inside by the deep fullback, and a bootleg threat away from sweep action by the quarterback. This triple-threat, highly deceptive series anticipated the Wing-T Buck Sweep series by well over a decade. A great center like Hein was a major asset, albeit not essential, in running the A formation — however only the Giants used this set-up with any frequency. This gave the Giants an advantage in that teams had to prepare specifically to defend the A whenever they played New York. Coach Owen experimented with the A from the early 1930s on. Mel Hein joined the Giants in 1931, but Owen didn't use the A full-time until 1937. The Giants, using the A, became the first team to win their second official NFL championship games when they defeated the Green Bay Packers 23-17, adding this 1938 title to their 1934 defeat of Chicago. Green Bay ran the Notre Dame Box, another unique single-wing variant. The 1938 win was the last time the A brought the Giants a title, however, as George Halas' modern T formation began to dominate professional football after 1940. Mel Hein retired after the 1945 season and proved difficult to replace. The Giants and their A formation were beaten for the NFL championship by the Chicago Bears and the T in 1941 and 1946. Owen finally installed the T formation as an additional offense in 1948, although the Giants continued to run the A through his retirement in 1954. No other team used the A formation in the NFL and the offense today is used only by some aficionados at and below high school varsity level. (Ted Seay ) is known to many of them as a coach who decades later developed greater passing possibilities from the nearly forgotten A. ==Successful Operators== *1933 New York Giants (): TB Harry Newman threw for 973 yards and 11 TD and ran for 437 yards. FB Kink Richards ran for 4 TD and had 3 receiving TD. *1934 New York Giants (): TB Harry Newman threw for 391 yards and ran for 483 yards. FB Ken Strong ran for 431 yards and 6 TD. *1935 New York Giants (): TB Ed Danowski threw for 794 yards and 10 TD and ran for 335 yards. FB Kink Richards ran for 449 yards and 4 TD. End Tod Goodwin had 432 yards receiving and 4 TD. *1937 New York Giants (): TB Ed Danowski threw for 814 yards and 8 TD. FB Tuffy Leemans ran for 429 yards. FB Hank Soar ran for 442 yards. *1938 New York Giants (): TB Ed Danowski threw for 848 yards and 7 TD. FB Tuffy Leemans ran for 463 yards and 4 TD. FB Hank Soar ran for 401 yards. *1939 New York Giants (): TB Ed Danowski threw for 437 yards. FB Tuffy Leemans ran for 429 yards and threw for 198 yards. B Len Barnum ran for 237 yards and threw for 3 TD. *1941 New York Giants (): TB Tuffy Leemans threw for 475 yards and ran for 332 yards and 4 TD. WB Ward Cuff had 317 yards receiving *1943 New York Giants (): TB Emery Nix threw for 396 yards. TB Tuffy Leemans threw for 360 yards and 5 TD. FB Bill Paschal ran for 572 yards and 10 TD. WB Ward Cuff ran for 523 yards. *1944 New York Giants (): TB Arnie Herber threw for 651 yards and 6 TD. FB Bill Paschal ran for 737 yards and 9 TD. WB Ward Cuff ran for 425 yards. End Neal Adams had 342 yards receiving. End Frank Liebel had 292 yards receiving and 5 TD. *1946 New York Giants (): TB Frank Filchock threw for 1,262 yards and 12 TD and ran for 371 yards. FB Bill Paschal ran for 362 yards and 4 TD. FB Merle Hapes ran for 5 TD. End Frank Liebel had 360 yards receiving and 4 TD. End Jim Poole had 307 yards receiving and 3 TD. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「A formation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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